Present Tenses

PRESENT PERFECT

She has heard the latest news. (hear)
They have stopped talking to each other. (stop)   

present simple of the verb to have               + past participle 

have/has                                                      - regular verb + -ed stop - stopped
                                                                        - irregular verb   hear - heard - heard

COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS - list

Remember!
  •  Verbs that end in -E:
             move + -d » moved

  • Verbs that end in -Y:
        a)  stay + -ed » stayed                 b) try + -ed » tried
                 vowel y »yed                          consonant y » ied

  • With some verbs, we double the final consonant:
       plan + -ed » planned         stop + -ed » stopped        rob + -ed » robbed   

We use the present perfect simple:

- for finished past actions with a result in the present. (time is not specified)
  
        He has lost his wallet.
        (we don’t know when, but he hasn’t got it now, he can’t pay the bill)

        Somebody has broken the window.
        (we don’t know when, but we can see the broken window now)

- for activities that started in the past and are still going on in the present.

        They have been friends for 30 years.
        (they are still friends now)

        She has lived in London since 2006.
        (she still lives there)

- for past actions with an unfinished time reference - the period of time in which the action is taking place is still not finished. (this week, today, ever, so far...)

        It has’t rained today. 
        (the day is not finished yet)

        Has she ever been to London? 
        (in her life, from the moment she was born until now)

        We haven’t had any problems at school so far.
        (from the moment we started school until now)

Remember!
  • since.../for...

     Since shows when the action started in the past. (a previous point in time)
     We have been friends since 1999.

     For shows how long the action has been going on. (a period of time)
     We have been friends for twenty years.
  • already/yet
       We use already in positive sentences, and yet in negative sentences.

       She has already gone to school.
       She hasn't gone to school yet.

A Let’s practise!

A1 Have or has?

A2 Unjumble the questions

A3 Past participle

A4 Have you ever...?

A5 What has happened?

A6 Already / yet

A7 Since / for

A8 Write.